Juraj Bronček - EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION AND INCOME NEXUS: THE CASE OF CHINA (Diverzifikácia exportu a súvislosť s príjmom: prípadová štúdia Čína)
Abstract: Since the 21st century, Chinese trade in goods has evolved rapidly and has achieved some remarkable success. In the structure of exports, after the steady growth of primary products, Chinese capital-intensive and technologically demanding manufactured products have taken the lead. This paper takes a look at the current position of Chinese exports in terms of export sophistication and uses the findings to extract the most successful export articles (machinery and electrical equipment) and calculate the Herfindahl-Hirschman index to evaluate the degree of export diversification in this category since 2001. Linear regression analysis is then used to assess the relationship between the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and other indicators during the period of growing export concentration. The results show a strong correlation (R2>0.9) with the gross national income per capita (positive), number of employed persons in the primary industry (negative), number of employed persons in the tertiary industry (positive), the average wages of employed persons in urban units (positive) and the gross national income (positive).
Keywords: Herfindahl-Hirschman index, export concentration, export diversification, gross national income, employment
JEL Classification: F 10, F 19, F 63
str./pp. 131 - 142
László Kökény, Kornélia Kiss - THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY TYPES AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN TOURISM (Vzťah medzi osobnostnými typmi a spotrebiteľským správaním v turistickom ruchu)
Abstract: The relevance of the research is justified by the fact that according to current studies, the perceptions of consumers are unique and their own value system and personality is becoming increasingly important. Companies are more and more open to this perception because their goal is to maximize profits by providing more efficient service. In our opinion in the case of the mostly service based tourism industry firms should take the personality of their consumers more and more into account to be able to communicate uniquely and effectively. We were curious about the differences between the types of personalities in the field, how the respondent has consumer behavior in the use of the tourism superstructure. The identification of the personality type was based on the test of the Big Five Factors 30 items set based on the NEO PI R survey. The results support the fact that there are differences, especially those with the Extraversion factor, with varying behaviors.
Keywords: accommodation services, catering, personality
JEL Classification: Z 33, M 31, R 53
str./pp. 162 - 175
Iveta Dinžíková, Michele Paolini - CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF TERMINOLOGICAL PHRASEMES WITH COLOUR COMPONENTS IN ENGLISH, FRENCH, ITALIAN AND SLOVAK. FIELD OF ECONOMY AND FINANCE (Kontrastívna analýza terminologických frazém s názvom farby v angličtine, francúzštine, taliančine a slovenčine. Odbor ekonomika a financie)
Abstract: In the following paper, we present a contrastive analysis in which the terminological phrasemes (TPs) with the colour components (black, white, grey) in economic texts are compared in order to examine their degree of equivalence. More precisely, these TPs are contrasted in four languages (English is the source language; French, Italian and Slovak are the target languages) where we rely on the typology of equivalence of phrasemes and the symbolism of colours. The occurrences of these TPs are checked in the texts of the fields of economy and finance in all four languages by using several textual corpora. By this contrastive analysis, we demonstrate the similarities and specificities of these TPs in the compared languages and their cultures.
Keywords: terminological phrasemes, colour components, economy and finance
JEL Classification: Z 13
str./pp. 176 - 188
Peter Belička - EVOLUTION OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT IN COUNTRIES OF THE VISEGRAD FOUR AND REST OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (Vývoj nákladnej dopravy v krajinách Visegrádskej štvorky a vo zvyšku Európskej únie)
Abstract: Study is aimed at evolution of freight transport types in countries of the Visegrad Four compared to the European Union. The goal is to calculate, how much each freight transport type has increased or decreased in proportion. Main source of data is official European statistical office, Eurostat. All data are of a secondary character. In the article there are graphical visualizations of these calculated outcomes, using figures and tables. By comparing the results, we came to the conclusion that transporting goods has not changed the proportions but has decreased in overall. 75.9 % of all transport in the European Union is done by road transport, 6.3 % by inland waterways and 17.8 % by railway transport. The stability of these numbers suggests no future fluctuations. Countries of V4 are following the European trend of increasing road transport share. In conclusion, we consider this trend to by on the negative side, road transport is known for its environmental pollution.
Keywords: freight transport, inland transport, the Visegrad Four, environment, green transport
JEL Classification: N 74, O 18
str./pp. 189 - 198
Viktória Švardová - PARTICIPATION OF V4 COUNTRIES IN GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS (Účasť krajín V4 v globálnych hodnotových reťazcoch)
Abstract: The increasing importance of global value chains, the increasing linkage between individual economies and the growing division of labor cause that it is needed to re-evaluate the traditional methods of measuring competitiveness and use more relevant indicators for this. The main aim of this paper is the accounting of gross exports of the V4 countries based on the research of Koopman et al. [3], and to point out the fact that the traditional indicators for measuring competitiveness of the country are not quite reliable anymore. The accounting of gross exports into nine components provides more detailed overview of the nature of the production and also provides information about the production stage in which most of the domestic value-added is produced and therefore determines the degree of participation of the countries in the global value chains.
Keywords: global value chains, value added, accounting of gross exports
JEL Classification: F 14, E 01, E 16
str./pp. 199 - 210
Mária Kozáková, Vladimír Hojdík - ONLINE REPUTATION ASSESSMENT OF ENTITIES IN AUTOMO¬TIVE INDUSTRY IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC (Online povesť subjektov pôsobiacich v automobilovom priemysle v Slovenskej republike)
Abstract: The present-day business world is no longer the matter of doing busi¬ness; there is arising importance of intagible resources. It is the very reputation of an enterprise that is considered one of valuable intangible resources. Repu¬tation is defined as an expected behaviour of the entity based on information about its behaviour in the past. This concept is however changing as aresult of the rising influence of the Internet and social media. The rising popularity of digital and social media has brought about an increased interest in this commu¬nication channel in business environment. It means that the reputation manage¬ment depends also on the online environment created in an enterprise. Many companies have started using the Internet and social media to gain advantages and attract more customers; however, the content shared via social media may become a threat and the threat may develop into afast communication crisis, on the other hand. This type of media may represent both an opportunity and threat for building the reputation and its protection. The aim of the paper is to highlight the importance of managing the online reputation and current meth¬ods which enable us to measure the reputation level online, in particular the sentiment analysis, as well as the analysis of multifactor sentiment. The paper also presents results of the research into the online reputation on the example of the automotive industry.
Keywords: online reputation, sentiment analysis, automotive industry, social media, reputation management
JEL Classification: M 10, M 14, M 31
str./pp. 211 - 224
Jaroslav Bukovina, Ján Remeta - SLOVAK EXPERIENCE WITH MINIMUM CORPORATE INCOME TAX (Skúsenosti Slovenska s minimálnym zdanením firiem)
Abstract: Minimum corporate taxation has been an issue for international tax research as well as for political tax discussions around the world. It was initially designed to prevent undesired but legally permitted tax avoidance. Over time many countries start to use these concepts to ensure or stabilize their tax revenues. With the aim to tackle widespread presence of corporate income tax non-payers, Slovakia as of 2014 introduced simple minimum corporate tax, domestically called “tax license”. Government defended that it will make the tax system fairer on the ground of horizontal equity and it will help to clean up Business register with possible positive effects on audit efficiency. As of 2018 the minimum corporation tax was repealed, and we have four years of its experience which allows us to do research in this area and evaluate its success. Results of our research suggest that introduction of minimum corporate income tax improved horizontal equity of the corporate income tax, where part of the companieshasnot paid any income tax for a long time.
Keywords: tax avoidance, corporate taxation, minimum income tax, effective tax, tax equity
JEL Classification: H 2, H 21, H 25, H 26
str./pp. 225 - 234
Martin Dluhoš, Jana Kočkovičová - THE FAIRNESS OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM OF BUILDING LANDS TAXATION IN THE CONTEXT OF MARKET PRICES – CASE OF SLOVAKIA (Spravodlivosť súčasného systému zdanenia stavebných pozemkov v kontexte trhových cien – prípadová štúdia Slovensko)
Abstract: The current system of land taxation (including building lands) uses a system, where the tax is calculated in relation to the building land prices, which are table prices. The government’s intention to tax lands (and building lands) on the basis of its market prices, with the idea that a higher market price means higher value and hence a higher tax is justified; however, today there is no uniform concept that would take account of such a system of taxation based on market real estate prices. The paper presents the latest results of research on the prices of building lands in the Slovakia and their determinants in the context of using these results in confronting the unfairness of the current system of taxation and presents possible proposals for changes to this system on a system linked to market prices of building lands. Using a sample of 960 building lands from the whole of Slovakia and using econometric models and OLS and conditional quantile regression estimation methods, we present basic research results useful in the process of preparing a new real estate taxation system based on the market prices.
Keywords: building lands, taxation, market and advertised prices
JEL Classification: C 51, H 21, H 71
str./pp. 235 - 249
Patrícia Kollár - THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR RURAL RETAIL IN THE CONDITIONS OF DUNAJSKA STREDA DISTRICT (Hrozby a príležitosti vidieckeho maloobchodu v podmienkach okresu Dunajská Streda)
Abstract: The paper focuses on opportunities and threats for rural retail in the Dunajska Streda District. The District of Dunajska Streda is located in Trnava Region and it belongs to Danube Region and also to gravitational area of the city of Bratislava. The aim of this paper is to highlight the threats that are perceived by both retail sales professionals and consumers who represent buyers for the farmers’ markets in the District of Dunajska Streda. The theoretical part of the article mainly uses the scientific method of analysis and induction to formulate conclusions. The practical part of the paper is a questionnaire survey among consumers in the District of Dunajska Streda. The main conclusions of this paper are evaluations of the shortcomings of farm markets on the basis of consumer surveys and at the same time this paper provides an overview of identified opportunities and threats in accordance with the European Union’s rural development programs.
Keywords: Rural retail, district of Dunajska Streda, opportunities, threats
JEL Classification: M 31, O 18, R 00
str./pp. 250 - 261